Document Type : Review Papers
Author
Department of Biosystem Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
10.22069/bere.2025.23043.1011
Abstract
A lot of waste enters nature from various sources every day, most of which are organic materials. The release or improper disposal of organic waste leads to the destruction of human and animal ecosystems, and the best approach to dispose of this type of waste is anaerobic digestion technology. This technology causes proper disposal and the production of economically valuable materials, which can generally be said to be a win-win approach. In this article, the goal is to produce the highest amount of biogas production to reduce the cost of production rate. Biogas is produced in four stages, and many key factors, including temperature, pH, C/N ratio, residence time, mixing, and moisture, affect biogas production. Each of these factors has an optimal point that can be observed to achieve the highest production rate. In this way, the production cost will be minimized and the majority of the needs of society will be met. Also, to accelerate and increase efficiency, types of pretreatment can be used, which often play a positive role due to the conversion of lignin and silica. Sodium hydroxide is one of the lignocellulosic pretreatments that is widely used. Biological pretreatment has low energy consumption and is environmentally friendly. Zero iron nanoparticles have shown better potential capacity than other nanoparticles. The summary of the studies is that if the coarse material is reduced to small pieces, the feed material concentration is about 8, the C/N ratio is about 25, the pH is neutral and the digester temperature is set to mesophile, the maximum amount of biogas production is achieved. It was also concluded that a definitive opinion cannot be given about the pretreatment because it depends on the materials and digestion conditions.
Graphical Abstract
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Highlights
Research Highlights:
- Control of production waste and global warming
- Using anaerobic digestion to control production waste and produce products with high economic value
- Biogas and fertilizer production. Biogas replaces fossil fuels that cause greenhouse gas emissions, and fertilizer replaces harmful chemical fertilizers that are dangerous to human health.
- The goal is to transform problems into economically valuable materials at the lowest price.
- By providing optimal conditions for active microorganisms, production increases, which reduces production costs and eliminates the need for energy.
Keywords
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